Use of Tissue Doppler Imaging in horses - exercise stress echocardiography with Tissue Doppler Imaging in healthy horses and horses with cardiac disease
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Use of Tissue Doppler Imaging in horses - exercise stress echocardiography with Tissue Doppler Imaging in healthy horses and horses with cardiac disease. / Hopster-Iversen, Charlotte; Gehlen, Heidrun; Stadler, Peter.
I: Pferdeheilkunde, Bind 30, Nr. 4, 2014, s. 444-+.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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T1 - Use of Tissue Doppler Imaging in horses - exercise stress echocardiography with Tissue Doppler Imaging in healthy horses and horses with cardiac disease
AU - Hopster-Iversen, Charlotte
AU - Gehlen, Heidrun
AU - Stadler, Peter
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - The evaluation of performance capacity with exercise test is of particular importance in horses with mild to moderate valvular regurgitations as a possible exercise intolerance, and a detrimental cardiac function is often first detected after exercise. Aim of the study was the comparison of myocardial velocities evaluated with Tissue Doppler imaging in healthy horses and horses with a cardiologic disease. 20 adult warmblood horses without cardiovascular diseases and 40 horses with valvular regurgitation or atrial fibrillation were examined. The examination included a clinical examination and standard electro- and echocardiographic examinations at rest. Additionally, the left ventricular septum (IVS) and the left ventricular free wall (LVW) were evaluated with tissue Doppler imaging at rest and after lung exercise. The peak systolic (S), early diastolic (E-Wave) and late diastolic (A-Wave) myocardial velocities were analysed with colour-coded Tissue Doppler and imaging (TVI) and with PW-Tissue Doppler Imaging respectively. Horses with atrial fibrillation (n =15) showed an increase of systolic myocardial velocities at rest (TVI: IVS: control: -3.92 +/- 1.54 cm/s, AF: -6.66 +/- 3.26 cm/s, p <0.0001, LVW: control: 7.14 +/- 1.18 cm/s, AF: 10.03 +/- 3.10 cm/s, p <0.0001) and after exercise (PW: IVS: control: -13.37 +/- 3.84 cm/s, AF: -17.15 +/- 3.93 cm/s, p <0.005, LVW: control: 13.53 +/- 3.66 cm/s, AF: 17.95 +/- 3.50 cm/s, p <0.001) compared to the healthy control horses. Furthermore, the group of horses with atrial fibrillation had higher early diastolic myocardial velocities then the control horses (TVI: IVS: control: 12.34 +/- 2.91 cm/s, AF: 16.70 +/- 6.13 cm/s, p <0.001, LVW: control: -17.32 +/- 5.25 cm/s, AF: -22.25 +/- 5.19 cm/s, p <0.01). Horses with mitral valve regurgitation (n =15) also had higher systolic myocardial velocities, but only at rest compared to the healthy control horses (PW: IVS: control: -8.36 +/- 1.78 cm/s, MVI: -10.99 +/- 3.13 cm/s, p <0.005), while horses with aortic valve regurgitations (n = 10) had higher early diastolic myocardial velocities at rest (PW: IVS: control: 17.06 +/- 3.85 cm/s, AVI: 20.30 +/- 3.59 cm/s, p <0.05), but higher late diastolic velocities after exercise compared to the healthy control horses (TVI: LVW: control: -8.62 +/- 3,7 cm/s, AVI: -11.86 +/- 2.05 cm/s, p <0.05). The myocardial analysis with Tissue Doppler imaging was feasible at rest and after exercise. The increase of myocardial velocities in the horses with cardiovascular disease is probably the result of an increase in contractility due to increased filling pressure of the ventricle in the presence of adequate ventricular capacity.
AB - The evaluation of performance capacity with exercise test is of particular importance in horses with mild to moderate valvular regurgitations as a possible exercise intolerance, and a detrimental cardiac function is often first detected after exercise. Aim of the study was the comparison of myocardial velocities evaluated with Tissue Doppler imaging in healthy horses and horses with a cardiologic disease. 20 adult warmblood horses without cardiovascular diseases and 40 horses with valvular regurgitation or atrial fibrillation were examined. The examination included a clinical examination and standard electro- and echocardiographic examinations at rest. Additionally, the left ventricular septum (IVS) and the left ventricular free wall (LVW) were evaluated with tissue Doppler imaging at rest and after lung exercise. The peak systolic (S), early diastolic (E-Wave) and late diastolic (A-Wave) myocardial velocities were analysed with colour-coded Tissue Doppler and imaging (TVI) and with PW-Tissue Doppler Imaging respectively. Horses with atrial fibrillation (n =15) showed an increase of systolic myocardial velocities at rest (TVI: IVS: control: -3.92 +/- 1.54 cm/s, AF: -6.66 +/- 3.26 cm/s, p <0.0001, LVW: control: 7.14 +/- 1.18 cm/s, AF: 10.03 +/- 3.10 cm/s, p <0.0001) and after exercise (PW: IVS: control: -13.37 +/- 3.84 cm/s, AF: -17.15 +/- 3.93 cm/s, p <0.005, LVW: control: 13.53 +/- 3.66 cm/s, AF: 17.95 +/- 3.50 cm/s, p <0.001) compared to the healthy control horses. Furthermore, the group of horses with atrial fibrillation had higher early diastolic myocardial velocities then the control horses (TVI: IVS: control: 12.34 +/- 2.91 cm/s, AF: 16.70 +/- 6.13 cm/s, p <0.001, LVW: control: -17.32 +/- 5.25 cm/s, AF: -22.25 +/- 5.19 cm/s, p <0.01). Horses with mitral valve regurgitation (n =15) also had higher systolic myocardial velocities, but only at rest compared to the healthy control horses (PW: IVS: control: -8.36 +/- 1.78 cm/s, MVI: -10.99 +/- 3.13 cm/s, p <0.005), while horses with aortic valve regurgitations (n = 10) had higher early diastolic myocardial velocities at rest (PW: IVS: control: 17.06 +/- 3.85 cm/s, AVI: 20.30 +/- 3.59 cm/s, p <0.05), but higher late diastolic velocities after exercise compared to the healthy control horses (TVI: LVW: control: -8.62 +/- 3,7 cm/s, AVI: -11.86 +/- 2.05 cm/s, p <0.05). The myocardial analysis with Tissue Doppler imaging was feasible at rest and after exercise. The increase of myocardial velocities in the horses with cardiovascular disease is probably the result of an increase in contractility due to increased filling pressure of the ventricle in the presence of adequate ventricular capacity.
KW - echocardiography
KW - Tissue Doppler Imaging
KW - exercise
KW - cardiology
KW - EARLY MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION
KW - MITRAL REGURGITATION
KW - ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION
KW - WALL-MOTION
KW - ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS
KW - VENTRICULAR-FUNCTION
KW - MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY
KW - HEART-FAILURE
KW - CARDIOMYOPATHY
KW - VELOCITIES
U2 - 10.21836/PEM20140409
DO - 10.21836/PEM20140409
M3 - Journal article
VL - 30
SP - 444-+
JO - Pferdeheilkunde
JF - Pferdeheilkunde
SN - 0177-7726
IS - 4
ER -
ID: 258098074